In 2024, most people are aware that home solar installations can help save money and reduce our carbon footprint. However, there are many homeowners who worry about solar energy reliability, as the unfortunate experiences of others can lead to jarring headlines and property damage.
For those considering a residential renewable energy system, this article outlines the key safety features of solar installations and the measures you can take to ensure optimal ongoing reliability and performance.
Understanding the safety components of solar installations
A solar power system consists of many electrical and hardware components, including solar panels, inverters, wiring, and mounting materials as well as a rapid shut-down (RSD) switch. Required by the National Electrical Code (NEC) for all solar installations, an activated RSD switch will shut down your entire solar and storage system if ever necessary to cease electricity production or grid backfeed.
After the solar installation process, a grid-connected system must be physically inspected by representatives from your local building authority and electric utility before it can legally operate. To protect against common concerns like lightning strikes, whole-house solar systems must be properly installed to pass these inspections.
How to design and maintain a safe, whole-house solar system
While solar installations are generally safe and reliable, there are several precautions you can take to reduce potential hazards and safety risks for your home system.
1. Safe and reliable components for solar installations
More than anything else, the durability of your solar installation's major components can best ensure the safe, ongoing operation of your energy system. In addition to high quality solar panels, you should also carefully consider your inverter and battery components to maximize your system’s safety and performance.
Panels: With warranties of 25 years or more, it’s important to choose panels from a reputable photovoltaic (PV) equipment manufacturer to ensure your system can be serviced, if necessary, throughout its long operating lifespan.
Racking: By installing UL-listed racking and mounting equipment, you can keep your solar panels secure during strong winds or storms. Before going solar, talk to your installer about racking options and seek out products from an established manufacturer in the industry.
Microinverters: By converting the direct current (DC) from individual solar panels into alternating current (AC), microinverters minimize the amount of high-voltage wiring required on your property. Compared to a central inverter system, microinverters can significantly lower the potential of high-voltage DC electricity safety risks.
Batteries: While there are several types of solar batteries, most modern home energy systems utilize lithium-ion storage technology. Within the realm of lithium-ion options, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) solar batteries are generally considered the safest option for home use. Compared to other common chemistries, LFP batteries are efficient, sustainable, and long-lasting, with safe and stable operation.
2. Installer selection, weatherization, and system protection
Choosing the right solar installer is one of the most important things you can do to create a safe and reliable system. By working with a professional to design and install your solar energy project, you can ensure everything adheres to the highest safety and electrical standards for optimal operation and efficiency. To weigh your options between providers, you can check online reviews or ask friends, family, and neighbors for referrals.
While most professional solar installations are designed to withstand extreme weather, some additional measures can be taken to increase your system’s resilience in high-risk areas to mitigate hail damage or protect against other potential outside threats. For example, a wire guard around the permitter of your panels can prevent birds, squirrels, and other animals from nesting beneath or causing wire damage.
3. System monitoring and home solar maintenance
After your installation, regular solar electricity production monitoring can help catch potential safety risks before they become larger issues. If you notice unusual changes in your system’s performance, contact your installer or another professional to diagnose and fix the issue. Never perform any electrical solar maintenance yourself, as this can void your warranties and create unnecessary personal or property safety risks.
To ensure the long-term safety and reliability of your solar installation, regular spot checks and professional inspections by manufacturer-certified contractors can go a long way to protect your investment. While some installers can include routine inspections within your contract, it’s recommended to have a professional verify your system is working at peak safety and efficiency levels at least once every five to seven years.
Key takeaways
Solar installations can be a safe and reliable source of electricity, but only when designed, installed, and operated correctly. If you work with a professional installer, make smart hardware decisions, and monitor your ongoing electricity production, you can ensure the safest possible operation of your solar energy system throughout its multi-decade lifespan.
Solar safety and reliability FAQs
What do I do in case of an emergency with my solar panels?
In case of an emergency with your solar installation, first ensure the safety of all individuals in the vicinity. When safety risks are present beyond your system’s operation alone, contact your local emergency response service as soon as possible. If one or more of your solar energy system components fail, never attempt to fix the issue yourself—contact your installer or another certified professional to resolve the problem safely.
How do I find a certified solar installer?
There are many ways to find certified solar installers. We recommend that you evaluate proposals from multiple companies for the long-term safety and performance of your renewable energy system. In addition to utilizing search engines and asking friends, family, or neighbors for contractor referrals, you can also connect with an Enphase-certified solar installer to find a reputable company that serves your area.
How often should I schedule maintenance checks?
While solar installations require minimal upkeep, scheduling a professional maintenance check can help identify potential problems that compromise your system’s safety or performance. Maintenance checks are recommended every five to seven years while your system is operating as expected. Safely cleaning solar panels each year can also help maximize the amount of potential sunlight your system can capture and transform into electricity.
How can I monitor my solar system's performance?
For most modern installations, you can monitor your system's performance online and see the solar savings on your monthly electricity bills. When using the Enphase App, you can track your solar energy production and home electricity consumption in real-time to ensure everything is operating as safely and cost-efficiently as possible.
What safety precautions should I take during extreme weather conditions with solar?
Solar installations are designed to withstand extreme weather conditions. However, if devastating wind, hail, or other storms have passed through your area, it’s important to check your system for any visible damage or decreased performance shortly thereafter. Before extreme weather conditions arise, Enphase Storm Guard can help automatically charge your home battery or your EV to prepare for potential outages.
Note: This article is written for educational purposes only.
